Wireless Data Services: The Current Challenge 1-2

Operating Systems 1-2

User Interface and Applications Platforms 1-4

Wireless Java Technology 1-5

Introduction to Mobile and Java Markets 1-6

Worldwide Mobile Subscribers 1-6

Mobile Data Users 1-7

Trends in Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) 1-8

Wireless Java Service Deployments 1-8

Java Handsets 1-9

Total Handset Market Forecasts 1-9

Java Handsets Market 1-10

Java Handset Forecasts 1-10

Application Development & Deployment 1-11

Mobile Applications and Java 1-12

Wireless Java Applications 1-12

Java Users 1-13

Java Application Data Traffic 1-14

Java Application Revenues 1-15

Strategic Outlook and Challenges 1-15

The Changing Mobile Handset Supply Chain 2-1

Market Segmentation and Technology Fragmentation 2-4

An Overview of Market Segmentation 2-4

Technology Fragmentation and the Role of OS, API and VM 2-5

Mobile OS Market and Technologies 2-6

OS Platform - Technology Criteria 2-6

The Kernel 2-7

Interoperation with Hardware 2-8

Security 2-9

Authentication 2-10

Encryption 2-10

Socket Service Layer (SSL) 2-11

Virus Protection 2-11

Connectivity and Realtime Operating Systems 2-11

OS Market Segmentation 2-12

Proprietary OS 2-12

Open Architecture OS 2-13

Microsoft OSs 2-14

Windows CE and Pocket PC 2-14

Application Programming Interface (API) 2-17

Connectivity, Networks and Browsing 2-17

Security 2-18

Pocket PC 2002 and Smartphone Edition 2-18

Windows Mobile 2003 Software or Pocket PC 2003 Phone Edition 2-19

Smartphone and Pocket PC Phone Support 2-19

Palmsource Operating Systems 2-22

Connectivity 2-25

Security 2-25

Palm Powered Communicators 2-26

Palm OS6 2-27

Palm Support of Wireless Services 2-28

Java over Palm OS 2-28

Palm OS Applications over BREW Distribution System 2-29

MMS over Palm OS 2-29

Symbian Operating System 2-29

Connectivity 2-34

User Interface (UI) Platforms Supporting Symbian (UIQ and series 60) 2-35

Security 2-35

New Generation Devices Based on Symbian v7.0s 2-35

Linux OS 2-36

Linux Case Analysis 2-38

Open Operating System Opportunities in the Mobile Handset Market 2-39

Do all 2.5G and 3G Devices Require Open OS? 2-39

Market Segmentation of Operating Systems 2-40

Smartphone Market forecasts by OS Type 2-41

Market for Open Architecture OSs 2-42

Mobile Operating System Forecasts and Analysis 2-44

Open OSs Analysis by Region 2-45

The Challenge Facing The Mobile OS Industry 2-47

User Interface (UI) 3-1

Challenges facing handset vendors 3-2

User Experience vs User Education 3-4

What does dynamic OTA provisioning mean to operators? 3-5

Ease of service promotion 3-5

Dynamic UI and content branding 3-5

Saving In Operation Cost 3-6

Trigenix 3-6

Insignia Secure System Provisioning (SSP) 3-8

Digital Airways’ Kaleido 3-10

Other Aspects of UI 3-11

Text-Input Extensions 3-11

Intelligent Text Input 3-12

Market Trends for Text Input Technologies 3-13

Navigation Technologies 3-14

Touchscreen and Touchpad 3-14

Synaptics 3-15

WACOM 3-16

Handwriting Recognition Technologies 3-17

Advanced Recognition Technologies (ART) 3-18

Paragraph 3-19

Quickprint and WisdomPen 3-19

Market Trends and Issues Facing Handwriting Recognition Technology 3-20

Voice and Speech Recognition Technology 3-20

Application Programming Languages and Platforms 3-24

Application Programming 3-24

Interpretation and Compilation 3-25

Programming languages 3-25

C/ C++ and C#(C-Sharp) 3-25

Visual Basic 3-27

Java 3-27

Application Programming Interface (API) Overview 3-29

Virtual Machine (VM) 3-29

Open OS vs VM over Proprietary OS 3-31

Market Roadmaps 3-31

Market Forecasts 3-34

Non Java Applications Platforms - Competing or Complementary Technologies? 3-35

Microsoft .NET Compact Framework 3-35

Qualcomm: Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW) 3-36

Technology Description and product differentiation 3-36

BREW Current Deployment and Forecasts 3-38

BREW Applications and Services 3-42

Barriers facing BREW over GSM 3-43

Qualcomm Strategy and Challenges 3-43

BREW vs. Java - Competitive Analysis Market Forecasts 3-44

Forecasts: BREW vs. Java in the CDMA Market 3-45

In-Fusio: ExEn engine 3-46

Sinjisoft: GVM and GNEX 3-47

TTPCom 3-48

Synergenix’s Mophun 3-49

The Java 2 Platform 4-1

J2ME 4-2

Connected Limited Devices Configuration (CLDC) 4-4

Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP), JSR 118 4-6

PDA Profile, JSR 75 4-9

Connected Device Configuration (CDC), JSR 36 4-10

Foundation Profile, JSR 46 4-11

Personal Profile, JSR 62 and JSR 216 4-11

Optional J2ME Extensions 4-11

Bluetooth APIs (JSR-82) 4-11

Wireless Messaging APIs (JSR-120 and JSR 205) 4-12

Mobile Media API (JSR-135) and Advanced Multimedia Supplements (JSR 234) 4-13

Web Services Specification, JSR 175 4-13

Location API (JSR 179) 4-14

Mobile 3D Graphics (JSR-184) 4-15

Java Game Profile (JSR-134) 4-15

J2ME Upgrade (JSR-68) 4-15

Information Module Profile (IMP), JSR-195 4-16

Java Technology for Wireless Industry (JTWI) JSR-185 4-16

PersonalJava 4-17

DoCoMo Java (DoJa) 4-17

DoJa Technology Specification 4-17

DoJa Vs MIDP 4-18

Java i-mode outside Japan 4-19

J-Phone/Vodafone Specific Class Libraries, JSCL and VSCL 4-20

Complementary Java Technologies 4-21

JavaCard & the SIM Toolkit 4-21

JAIN 4-23

Project JXTA 4-23

Open Operating System Support 4-23

SavaJe Case Study 4-24

Browser Support 4-24

Openwave 4-25

Teleca 4-25

The Impact of Java on Handset Components 4-25

Display 4-25

Batteries 4-27

Memory 4-27

Java Acceleration and Processing 4-28

Impact of Java on Processing 4-28

Java Acceleration and Processing 4-30

Java Instruction Set Accelerators 4-30

ARM: Jazelle 4-30

Nazomi: JSTAR and JA108 4-31

Digital Communication 4-31

Java Coprocessors 4-32

Zucotto: Xpresso 4-32

Multiplicity: Jmap 1 4-33

Java Support by Silicon Vendors 4-34

Texas Instruments 4-34

Intel 4-35

Reference Designs and Wireless modules 4-35

Implementing Java in the Handset 4-36

Overview of Compilation Methods 4-36

Just in Time 4-36

Ahead-of-time 4-36

Dynamic Adaptive Compilation 4-37

Java Implementation, Market Development 4-37

In-house vs Out-sourcing 4-37

Sun Microsystems: CLDC HotSpot 4-39

Aplix: Jblend 4-39

Esmertec 4-41

Motorola: i.JV (formerly MERI) 4-45

Tao Group: intent 4-46

XCE: XVM 4-48

Java Implementation by Handset Vendors 4-49

Benchmarking Java Performance 4-50

CaffeineMarks 4-51

KVM Marks 4-51

The Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium (EEMBC) 4-51

Security 4-52

Viruses 4-52

Loss of Personal Data 4-53

User Charges Without user Knowledge 4-54

Introduction to the Mobile Market 5-1

Worldwide Mobile Subscribers 5-1

Mobile Data Users 5-5

The Wireless Internet 5-6

Trends in Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) 5-8

Global ARPU Forecasts 5-10

Regional ARPU Forecasts 5-11

Asia-Pacific 5-11

Rest of Asia-Pacific 5-12

Japan 5-14

China 5-15

Africa & Middle East 5-16

North America 5-18

South America 5-19

Europe 5-20

The Impact of 2.5G & 3G Networks on Wireless Java 5-22

Wireless Java Service Deployments 5-24

Wireless Java Customer Segmentation 5-26

The Competitive Landscape 5-27

Introduction to the Mobile Handset Marketplace 6-1

Inventory 6-1

Innovation 6-2

Focus on Returns 6-2

Requirement to Outsource 6-2

The Need for Segmentation 6-3

Importance of Brand 6-3

Supply Chain & Inventory Management 6-3

Vendor Market Share 6-3

Handset Segmentation 6-4

Segmenting by Technology 6-6

Multi-Function 6-8

Entertainment 6-9

Youth 6-9

Fashion 6-10

Business 6-10

Vendor Differentiation 6-11

The Importance of Applications to Market Segmentation 6-12

The Importance of Brand 6-13

Manufacturing Trends 6-14

Handset Value Chain 6-15

Handset Market Forecasts 6-17

GSM Family 6-20

CDMA 6-21

Java Handsets Market 6-22

Market Drivers 6-22

Java Forecasts 6-23

Java Handset Forecasts 6-23

DoJa Handsets 6-27

BREW Handsets 6-28

Vendor Strategies 6-30

Nokia 6-30

Motorola 6-32

Samsung 6-35

Sony Ericsson 6-38

Siemens 6-39

LG Electronics (LGE) 6-41

Panasonic Mobile Communications 6-43

NEC 6-44

Research in Motion (RIM) 6-47

Java Device Pricing & Features 6-49

Pricing 6-49

Design, Form Factor & Weight 6-50

Additional Features 6-51

The Java Industry Value Chain 7-1

Development Issues 7-3

Customer Need, User Experience and User Education 7-3

Mobility 7-4

Network Limitations 7-4

Relearning Java 7-4

Mobile Form Factor, Displays & Data Input 7-4

Hardware Constraints 7-4

Download Limits 7-5

Application Portability Limitations 7-5

Application Design 7-5

The Development Process 7-6

Content Testing and Qualification Process 7-7

Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) 7-8

The Wireless Application Provisioning Process 7-9

Discovery 7-9

Provisioning 7-10

Payment 7-11

Micropayments 7-11

Macropayments 7-11

Three Domain Payments Model 7-12

Payments as an enabler of mobile services 7-13

E top-up and Mobile Services 7-15

Simpay 7-16

Wireless Application Provisioning Issues 7-17

Billing & Customer Service 7-17

Systems Integration 7-17

Who Cares for the Customer? 7-17

Roaming 7-18

Content / Download Management 7-18

User Agent Profile (UaProf) 7-18

Digital Rights Management (DRM) 7-18

An Overview of DRM 7-18

Superdistribution 7-21

DRM Standardisation 7-22

DRM in the Context of Java 7-23

Java Application Provisioning 7-24

Java Client Provisioning Specification (JSR-124) 7-25

Java Application Provisioning Platforms 7-26

Market Consolidation 7-26

4thpass / Motorola: Mobile Application System (MAS) 7-28

Openwave: Openwave Download Manager (incorporating Ellipsus Systems' infiniteMASS) 7-9

Elata: Senses 7-30

Mobilitec: mPower 7-32

SUN Java System Content Delivery Server 7-33

Application Distribution 7-36

Developer Initiatives 7-36

Broker Services 7-36

Publishers 7-36

Case Study: Tira Wireless 7-38

Java vs. WAP 7-40

Introduction to the Mobile Applications Marketplace 8-1

Strategic Issues 8-2

Towards a Complex Market Place 8-3

Wireless Application Segmentation 8-4

Enabling Technology 8-5

Middleware 8-5

Mobile Data Services Market 8-6

Business-to-Consumer Sector (B2C) 8-6

Messaging/Email 8-7

Entertainment 8-8

Access/Browsing 8-8

Infotainment 8-10

Location Based Services 8-10

Business-to-Business Sector 8-11

Mobile Advertising 8-12

Mobile Payments 8-12

Content Delivery 8-12

Business-to-Employee Sector (B2E) 8-13

Mobile Applications Forecasts 8-14

Segment Definitions 8-14

Overview 8-14

Person-to-Person (P2P) Messaging 8-15

Entertainment 8-15

Infotainment 8-15

Browsing 8-15

mCommerce 8-16

Mobile Office 8-16

Global Content & Applications Forecasts 8-16

User Forecasts 8-16

Traffic Forecasts 8-17

Revenue Forecasts 8-19

Regional Revenue Forecasts 8-22

Key Wireless Java Applications 8-23

Case study: Nextel 8-24

Person-to-Person (P2P) Messaging 8-24

Entertainment 8-25

Games 8-25

Ringtones, Logos & Screensavers 8-29

Infotainment 8-30

Browsing 8-31

m-Commerce 8-31

Java Cards 8-31

Mobile Financial Services 8-32

Mobile Office/ Enterprise Applications 8-32

Location Based Services 8-33

Mobile Advertising 8-34

Java Application Forecasts 8-35

Java Users 8-35

Java Application Data Traffic 8-37

Java Application Revenues 8-38

Market Dynamics and the Evolving Value Chain 9-1

Java Market Fragmentation 9-1

The Evolving Java Value Chain 9-2

Effect of Fragmentation on Application Portability 9-3

Lack of Standard Business Model 9-3

Variable Data Input Methods 9-3

Variable Screen Size & Type 9-3

Variable Processors and different memory 9-4

Is Java the Answer? 9-4

Java Technology Evolution 9-5

Java Market Consolidation 9-6

Opportunities for Java 9-7

Mobile Operators 9-8

Handsets and Networks 9-9

New Entrants 9-9

Applications Development 9-10

Java Technology Roadmap and Market Drivers 9-11

Parameters Influencing Java Implemetation 9-11

Cost 9-11

Ease/speed of implementation 9-11

Battery life 9-11

Flexibility/scalability 9-11

Market Opportunities for Different Java Profiles 9-12

Role of the User Interface 9-13

Industry Support 9-13

Over the Air (OTA) Downloads & Remote Upgrades 9-14

Over the Air (OTA) Downloads 9-14

Remote Upgrades 9-14

Network Limitations: Online & Offline Functionality 9-15

Figure 1.1: Market Segmentation of Operating Systems for Handset Devices 1-3

Figure 1.2: An example of a User Interface 1-4

Figure 1.3: Total Worldwide Mobile Subscribers (m), 2000 - 2008 1-7

Figure 1.4: Worldwide Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 1-8

Figure 1.5: Worldwide Mobile Handset Sales (m), 2001 - 2008 1-9

Figure 1.6: Worldwide Total and Java Handset Sales (m), 2001 - 2008 1-10

Figure 1.7: Java Technology Supply Chain 1-11

Figure 1.8: Worldwide Wireless Java Users (m), 2003 - 2008 1-13

Figure 1.9: Wireless Java Data Traffic (millions of events) by Application, 2003 - 2008 1-14

Figure 1.10: Wireless Java Data Operator Revenues ($m) by Application Group, 2003 - 2008 1-15

Figure 2.1: The Traditional Vertical Mobile Handset Supply Chain 2-1

Figure 2.2: The Mobile Handset Value Web 2-3

Figure 2.3: Mobile Handset Market Lifestyle Segments & Features 2-4

Figure 2.4: Mobile Handset Components Value Chain 2-5

Figure 2.5: Operating System Functions 2-8

Figure 2.6: Segmentation of Mobile Operating System Market 2-12

Figure 2.7: Microsoft OS Architecture 2-15

Figure 2.8: Palm OS Architecture 2-23

Figure 2.9: Palm Operating System, Components and Applications Upgrade Cycles 2-24

Figure 2.10: Symbian Shareholders as of November 2003 2-30

Figure 2.11: Symbian Architecture (Version 7) 2-32

Figure 2.12: Roll out of Symbian Based-OS Devices 2-32

Figure 2.13: Selected New Devices powered by Symbian OS 2-34

Figure 2.14: Market Segmentation of Operating Systems for Handset Devices 2-40

Figure 2.15: Smartphone Shipments (millions), by OS, 2003 - 2008 2-42

Figure 2.16: OS Market Opportunities, 2003 - 2008 2-43

Figure 2.17: Worldwide Open OS Market Shares for Mobile Handsets, 2003 - 2008 2-45

Figure 2.18: Shipments of Devices (m) with Open OSs By Region, 2003 2-46

Figure 2.19: Shipments (m) of Devices with Open OSs by Region and Technology, 2003 2-47

Figure 3.1: An example of a User Interface 3-1

Figure 3.2: Evolution of UI Technology 3-2

Figure 3.3: Sample of UIs 3-3

Figure 3.4: Challenges facing Static UI 3-3

Figure 3.5: Dynamic UI Industry Value Chain 3-5

Figure 3.6: Example of Dynamic UI - Trigenix’s Screen Style 3-6

Figure 3.7: Use of Dynamic UI 3-7

Figure 3.8: Trigenix end-to-end Dynamic UI technology 3-7

Figure 3.9: Insignia’s SSP Client Architecture 3-8

Figure 3.10: Insignia SSP Server Architecture 3-9

Figure 3.11: External Flexible, Fold-Up Keyboards for Handheld Devices 3-11

Figure 3.12: Virtual Keyboard for Handheld Devices 3-12

Figure 3.13: Intelligent Text Input Keyboard 3-13

Figure 3.14: Evolution of Text Input Technologies 3-14

Figure 3.15: Wacom’s Penabled Technology Description 3-16

Figure 3.16: Example of Handwriting Recognition Software 3-18

Figure 3.17: Palmsource Predefined Handwriting Recognition Characters 3-19

Figure 3.18: Roadmap Indicating Evolution of Handwriting Technologies 3-20

Figure 3.19: Application Development Chain 3-25

Figure 3.20: Star7 Device & Display 3-27

Figure 3.21: Java Timeline: 1991 - 1995 3-28

Figure 3.22: Applications Implementation and Development, Native vs. Interpreted Languages 3-30

Figure 3.23: VMs over Proprietary OS vs. Open OSs - Market Segmentation for Handset Devices 3-32

Figure 3.24: Market Opportunities for Different OSs and VMS, 2003 - 2008 3-32

Figure 3.25: Worldwide Mobile Handsets Sales, by OS and VM technologies, 2002 - 2008 3-35

Figure 3.26: BREW VM Architecture 3-37

Figure 3.27: BREW Applications Platform Roadmap 3-38

Figure 3.28: Device Manufacturers’ Share of BREW-enabled Devices, 2003 3-39

Figure 3.29: Worldwide BREW Operators by region, 2003 3-41

Figure 3.30: Sample BREW Applications 3-42

Figure 3.31: KDDI gpsOne & BREW Navitime Map Viewer 3-43

Figure 3.32: Worldwide BREW vs Java over CDMA Handset Shipments (m), 2003-2008 3-46

Figure 3.33: GNEX Paltform Architecture 3-48

Figure 4.1: The Java 2 Platform 4-1

Figure 4.2: Configurations and Platforms 4-3

Figure 4.3: J2ME Architecture 4-4

Figure 4.4: The KVM 4-5

Figure 4.5: CLDC/MIDP Implementation 4-7

Figure 4.6: Map Download 4-18

Figure 4.8: Objectives of the JAIN Initiative 4-23

Figure 4.9: SavaJe OS Architecture 4-24

Figure 4.10: Java Handsets - Common Display Sizes in Japan and Korea 4-26

Figure 4.11: Java Handsets - Common Colours Supported by Vendors in Japan and Korea 4-26

Figure 4.12: Additional Processing Requirements of Java Interpretation 4-28

Figure 4.13: Block Diagram of Mobile Phone Dual Processor Architecture 4-29

Figure 4.14: Optimal Processor Speed for Java Platforms 4-29

Figure 4.15: ARM Jazelle Technology - Virtual Machine Interface 4-30

Figure 4.16: Nazomi JSTAR Enhanced System Block Diagram 4-31

Figure 4.17: Zucotto Wireless XPRESSOcore Architecture 4-32

Figure 4.18: Multiplicity Jmap1 Architecture 4-33

Figure 4.19: Sun Microsystems CLDC HotSpot Implementation Architecture 4-39

Figure 4.20: Esmertec Jbed Architecture 4-43

Figure 4.21: Esmertec Strategic Alliances 4-44

Figure 4.22: Motorola I.JV Architecture and Integration with Software Platforms 4-45

Figure 4.23: Tao Group’s Intent Technology Architecture 4-47

Figure 4.24: XVM Architecture 4-49

Figure 4.25: J2ME Security Framework 4-53

Figure 5.1: Total Worldwide Mobile Subscribers (m), 2000 - 2008 5-1

Figure 5.2: Mobile Subscriber Penetration (%) by Key Regions, 2003 - 2008 5-3

Figure 5.3: Worldwide Mobile Subscribers (m) by Technology Groups, 2003 - 2008 5-4

Figure 5.4: Fixed Internet Penetration (%) by Region, 2001 - 2008 5-7

Figure 5.5: Worldwide Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-10

Figure 5.6: Asia-Pacific Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-12

Figure 5.7: Rest of Asia-Pacific Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-13

Figure 5.8: Japan Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-15

Figure 5.9: China Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-16

Figure 5.10: Africa & Middle East Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-17

Figure 5.11: North America Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-19

Figure 5.12: South America Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-20

Figure 5.13: Europe Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-21

Figure 5.14: Circuit Switched Data Networks 5-22

Figure 5.15: Packet Data Networks 5-23

Figure 5.16: Customer Segments Expected to Generate the Most Revenues from Wireless Java, 2004 & 2007 5-27

Figure 5.17: Proportion of Wireless Applications Developed on Wireless Platforms and Languages in 2006 5-28

Figure 6.1: Technology Segmentation Roadmap 6-7

Figure 6.2: Mobile Handset Market Lifestyle Segments & Features 6-8

Figure 6.3: Industry Opinion: Important Factors to Ensure Vendor Success in the Handset Market by 2008 6-12

Figure 6.4: Industry Opinion: Rating of Companies Most Likely to Have Influence over Branding of

Handset Devices, 2008 6-13

Figure 6.5: Industry Opinion: Outsourcing Handset Manufacturing Trends over the Next Five Years 6-14

Figure 6.6: Handset Manufacturing Trends 6-15

Figure 6.7: Industry Opinion: Proportion of Total Handsets Made by

Contract/'White-Label' Manufacturers, 2004 & 2008 6-17

Figure 6.8: Worldwide Mobile Handset Sales (m), 2001 - 2008 6-18

Figure 6.9: Mobile Handset Sales (m), by Region, 2002 - 2008 6-19

Figure 6.10: Worldwide Mobile Handset Sales (m), by Technology Groups, 2001 - 2008 6-19

Figure 6.11: Worldwide Mobile Handset Sales (m), by Technology Family, 2001 - 2008 6-20

Figure 6.12: Worldwide Total and Java Handset Sales (m), 2001 - 2008 6-23

Figure 6.13: Java Handset Sales (m), over Network Technologies, 2002 - 2008 6-24

Figure 6.14: Java Handset Sales (m), by Region, 2001 - 2008 6-25

Figure 6.15: DoJa Handset Sales (m), by Key Regions, 2003 - 2008 6-27

Figure 6.16: Worldwide Java and BREW Handsets Sales (m), 2002 - 2008 6-28

Figure 6.17: BREW Handsets Sales (m) by Region, 2002 - 2008 6-29

Figure 6.18: Sample Nokia Java Handsets: 3410, 3650, 6600 & N-Gage 6-32

Figure 6.19: Sample Motorola Java Handsets: M62R, i80s, v66I, T720, A388 & A830 6-34

Figure 6.20: Sample Samsung Java Handsets: SCH-X130, SCH-X700, SGH-S100 & SPH-a500 6-37

Figure 6.21: Sample Sony Ericsson Java Handsets: SO504i, A3014S, P800 & T610 6-39

Figure 6.22: Sample Siemens Java Handsets: C55, S55, SL 55 & U10 6-41

Figure 6.23: Sample LG Electronic Java Handsets: SD-1100, CX-300V, TP-5250 & RD7130 6-43

Figure 6.24: Sample Panasonic Java Handsets: P504i, P2002, J-P51 & FOMA P2102V 6-44

Figure 6.25: Sample NEC Java Handsets: N503i, N504i, N2002 & N2051 6-46

Figure 6.26: RIM Blackberry 7230 & 7510 6-48

Figure 6.27: Industry Opinion of the Impact of Java on Handset Manufacturing Costs & Retail Prices 6-49

Figure 7.1: Java Technology Supply Chain 7-2

Figure 7.2: Operator's Node in the Value Chain and Collaboration Concept 7-3

Figure 7.3: The Cycle of Customer Need 7-4

Figure 7.4: Java Application Development Cycle 7-6

Figure 7.5: The Wireless Application Provisioning Process 7-9

Figure 7.6: Generic Mobile Services Platform 7-10

Figure 7.7: Vodafone mpay Micropayment Process 7-11

Figure 7.8: Micropayments vs. macropayments 7-12

Figure 7.9: Three Domain Payments Model 7-13

Figure 7.11: Mobile Payments Infrastructure 7-16

Figure 7.12: Superdistribution DRM Architecture 7-21

Figure 7.13: MIDlet Provisioning 7-25

Figure 7.14: 4thpass MAS Infrastructure 7-28

Figure 7.15: Openwave Mobile Device Manager 7-30

Figure 7.16: Elata Senses Integration 7-31

Figure 7.17: Sun Java System Content Delivery Server 7-34

Figure 7.18: AirClic Mobile Information Platform (MIP) 7-35

Figure 7.19: Java Applications Porting and Localisation 7-37

Figure 7.20: Tira Wireless in the Java Value Chain 7-38

Figure 7.21: Tira Wireless Services 7-39

Figure 8.1: From Communications to Mobile Services 8-3

Figure 8.2: Mobile Content & Applications Market Map 8-4

Figure 8.3: Enabling Technology 8-5

Figure 8.4: Mobile Services – Consumer Sector 8-6

Figure 8.5: Mobile Access/Browsing 8-9

Figure 8.6: Examples of Mobile Browser Interface 8-9

Figure 8.7: Drivers for Location Based Services 8-10

Figure 8.8: B2B Market Map 8-11

Figure 8.9: Business Sector Market Map 8-13

Figure 8.10: Worldwide Data Traffic (Millions of Events) by Application, 2003 - 2008 8-18

Figure 8.11: Worldwide Data Traffic Growth Trends by Application, (Excluding P2P Messaging), 2003 - 2008 8-19

Figure 8.12: Worldwide Operator Voice & Data Revenue ($m), 2003 - 2008 8-20

Figure 8.13: Worldwide Data Service Revenues ($m) by Application, 2003 - 2008 8-21

Figure 8.14: Total Data Service Revenues ($m) by Region, 2003 - 2008 8-22

Figure 8.15: AJA Chat 8-25

Figure 8.16: Roadmap for the Development of Mobile Game Genres 8-26

Figure 8.17: Sample Java Games 8-28

Figure 8.18: Worldwide Mobile Games Users (m) by Application, 2002 - 2008 8-28

Figure 8.19: J-Phone Animated Alarm 8-30

Figure 8.20: PointBase Java Database Suite 8-33

Figure 8.21: ICmap4me from LG Telecom 8-34

Figure 8.22: Add2Phone Mobile advertising Server 8-35

Figure 8.23: Worldwide Wireless Java Users (m), 2003 - 2008 8-36

Figure 8.24: Wireless Java Data Traffic (millions of events) by Application, 2003 - 2008 8-37

Figure 8.25: Wireless Java Data Operator Revenues ($m) by Application Group, 2003 - 2008 8-39

Figure 9.1: Display Size Trends 9-3

Figure 9.2: Evolution Path of Java and WAP Services 9-6

Figure 9.3: Parameters for Selecting the Optimum Java Implementation 9-12

Figure 9.4: Market Opportunities for Different Java Profiles 9-13

Table 1.1: Mobile Data Users (m) by Region, 2003 - 2008 1-7

Table 2.1: Security Requirements and Solutions 2-10

Table 2.2: Microsoft OSs’ Application Catalogue up to 2003 2-15

Table 2.3: Major Microsoft Mobile OS Licensees 2-6

Table 2.4: Operators and Device Manufacturers Supporting Microsoft Smartphone and Pocket PC Phone Edition 2-20

Table 2.5: Mobile Phones with a Microsoft OS, 2002 - 2004 2-20

Table 2.6: Palm OS Licensees 2-23

Table 2.7: Palm OS Application Catalogue up to 2003 2-26

Table 2.8: Operators and Smartphone Device Manufacturers Supporting Palm OS 2-27

Table 2.9: Expanding Availability of Symbian Applications 2-30

Table 2.10: Major Symbian Developers and Networks 2-31

Table 2.11: Symbian Licensees 2-31

Table 2.12: Mobile Phones Running on Symbian OS, 2001 - 2004 2-33

Table 2.13: Companies Developing Variants of Mobile Linux 2-36

Table 2.14: Handheld and Smartphone-Handheld Device with Linux OS 2-37

Table 2.15: UIs Used in Nokia's Handset Portfolio 2-40

Table 2.16: Smartphone Shipments By OS and by Segment, 2003 - 2008 2-41

Table 2.17: Worldwide Open OS Handset Shipments (m), 2003 - 2008 2-44

Table 3.1: Smartphones with Touch-Screen Functionality 3-15

Table 3.2: Functions of Voice Recognition in Mobile Devices 3-21

Table 3.3: Selected Voice Recognition Developers 3-21

Table 3.4: SmARTspeak Specifications 3-22

Table 3.5: ART Partners for Speech Recognition 3-22

Table 3.6: Smart Recognition Technologies and Developers for Mobile Computing 3-24

Table 3.7: The Number of Mobile C/C++ Application Titles by Platform support 3-26

Table 3.8: Selected Smartphones Using VM over Proprietary OSs 3-33

Table 3.9: Worldwide Mobile Handsets Sales (m), by OS and VM Technologies, 2002 - 2008 3-34

Table 3.10: BREW Manufacturer Partners 3-39

Table 3.11: BREW Manufacturer Partners 3-40

Table 3.12: Worldwide BREW vs Java over CDMA Handset Shipments (m), 2003 - 2008 3-46

Table 3.13: ExEn Operators & Handset Vendors 3-47

Table 4.1: Executive Committee for J2ME and Term ends 4-2

Table 4.2: CLDC 1.1 Specification and Requirements from Device Hardware 4-5

Table 4.3: CLDC 1.1 Expert Group 4-5

Table 4.4: MIDP 2.0 (Next Generation) Expert Group 4-6

Table 4.5: Handset Devices Supporting MIDP 2.0, 2003 4-8

Table 4.6: MIDP 2.0 Requirements from Device Hardware 4-9

Table 4.7: PDA Profile JCP Expert Group 4-10

Table 4.8: CDC Expert Group 2003 4-10

Table 4.9: CDC Specification and Requirements from Device Hardware 4-10

Table 4.10: Bluetooth APIs Expert Group 4-12

Table 4.11: WMA Expert Group 4-12

Table 4.12: MMAPI Expert Group 2003 4-13

Table 4.13: Web Services Specification Expert Group 2003 4-14

Table 4.14: Location API Specification Expert Group 2003 4-14

Table 4.15: J2ME Upgrade Expert Group 2003 4-15

Table 4.16: JTWI Expert Group 2003 4-16

Table 4.17: JSCL Specification and Requirements from Device Hardware 4-20

Table 4.18: SIM Toolkit Applications 4-22

Table 4.19: Javacard Licencees, 2003 4-22

Table 4.20: Average Battery Capacity of Java Handsets vs. non-Java Handsets 4-27

Table 4.21: Java’s Silicon Supporters and Products 4-34

Table 4.22: Java Handsets Sales (m), In-house vs Outsourced VMs, 2003 - 2008 4-38

Table 4.23: Hotspot VM Requirements from Device Hardware 4-39

Table 4.24: Device Vendors Embedding Aplix’s JBlend, 2003 4-40

Table 4.25: Hardware and Software Operating Environments for JBlend 4-40

Table 4.26: Jcap Capabilities 4-43

Table 4.27: Java Implementation by Handset Vendors 4-50

Table 5.1: Mobile Subscribers (m) by Region, 2000 - 2008 5-2

Table 5.2: Mobile Subscriber Penetration Rates (%) by Key Regions, 2003 - 2008 5-3

Table 5.3: Mobile Data Users (m) by Region, 2003 - 2008 5-5

Table 5.4: Mobile Data Users as a Percentage of Mobile Subscribers, 2003 - 2008 5-6

Table 5.5: Fixed Internet Penetration (%) by Region, 2001 - 2008 5-7

Table 5.6: Worldwide Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-11

Table 5.7: Asia-Pacific Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-12

Table 5.8: Rest of Asia-Pacific Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-13

Table 5.10: China Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-16

Table 5.11: Africa & Middle East Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-17

Table 5.12: North America Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-18

Table 5.13: South America Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-19

Table 5.14: Europe Aggregate ARPU (US$), 2003 - 2008 5-21

Table 5.15: Sample Java Service Availability by Country 5-25

Table 6.1: Worldwide Handset Sales & Market Share*, by Top Vendors, 2001, 2002 & Year to Sept. 2003 6-4

Table 6.2: Worldwide Mobile Handset Sales (m), 2001 - 2008 6-18

Table 6.3. Java Penetration (%) of Handset Model Types 6-22

Table 6.4: Worldwide Total and Java Handset Sales (m), 2001 - 2008 6-24

Table 6.5: Worldwide Total and Java Handset Sales (m), 2002 - 2008 6-24

Table 6.6: Java Handset Sales (m), by Region, 2001 - 2008 6-26

Table 6.7: Penetration of Java Handsets to Total Handset Sales, by Region, 2001 - 2008 6-26

Table 6.8: DoJa Handset Sales (m), by Key Regions, 2003 - 2008 6-28

Table 6.9: Worldwide Java and BREW Handsets Sales (m), 2002 - 2008 6-29

Table 6.10: BREW Handset Sales (m) by Region, 2002 - 2008 6-29

Table 6.11: Nokia Java Handset Portfolio, at end 2003 6-31

Table 6.12: Motorola Java Handset Portfolio, at end 2003 6-33

Table 6.13: Samsung Java Handset Portfolio, at end 2003 6-36

Table 6.14: Sony Ericsson Java Handset Portfolio, at end 2003 6-38

Table 6.15: Siemens Java Handset Portfolio, at end 2003 6-40

Table 6.16: LG Electronics Java Handset Portfolio, at end 2003 6-42

Table 6.17: Panasonic Java Handset Portfolio, at end 2003 6-44

Table 6.18: NEC Java Handset Portfolio, at end 2003 6-46

Table 6.19: RIM Java Handset Portfolio, at end 2003 6-48

Table 7.1: Sample Wireless Java Development Toolkits 7-8

Table 7.2: Categories of Software Piracy 7-19

Table 7.3: Selected DRM Standards and Technological Development Groups 7-23

Table 7.4: Java Client Provisioning Specification Expert Group 7-25

Table 7.5: Java Application Provisioning Vendors/Systems &Operators Partners 7-27

Table 7.6: Operators using 4thpass’ MAS by Region and Date of Launch 7-29

Table 7.7: Java Application Development, Challenges Facing Operators & Developers 7-36

Table 7.8: Selected Java Applications Publishers 7-37

Table 7.9: Tira Studios Applications Distribution Channels 7-40

Table 8.1: Segment Definitions, by Analysis Type 8-14

Table 8.2: Worldwide Mobile Content and Application Users (m), by Application Category, 2003 - 2008 8-17

Table 8.3: Worldwide Data Traffic (Millions of Events) by Application, 2003 - 2008 8-18

Table 8.4: Worldwide Operator Voice & Data Revenue ($m), 2003 - 2008 8-20

Table 8.5: Worldwide Data Service Revenues ($m) by Application, 2003 - 2008 8-21

Table 8.6: Total Data Service Revenues ($m) by Region, 2003 - 2008 8-23

Table 8.7: Games User Segmentation 8-27

Table 8.8: Worldwide Wireless Java Users (m), 2003 - 2008 8-36

Table 8.9: Wireless Java Application Data Traffic (Millions of Events) by Application, 2003 - 2008 8-38

Table 8.10: Wireless Java Application Data Revenues ($m) by Application, 2003 - 2008 8-40

Table 9.1: Execution Environments Used by Korean Operators 9-1